Mass and Cross Section Measurement of light-flavored Squarks at CLIC

We present a study of the prospects for the measurement of TeV-scale light-flavored right-squark masses and the corresponding production cross section at a 3 TeV e+e- collider based on CLIC technology. The analysis, performed in the framework of the CLIC Conceptual Design Report, is based on full Geant4 simulations of the CLIC_ILD detector concept, including standard model physics background and machine related hadronic background from two-photon processes. The events are reconstructed using particle flow event reconstruction, and the mass is obtained from a template fit built from generator-level simulations with smearing to parametrize the detector response. For an integrated luminosity of 2/ab, a statistical precision of 5.9 GeV, corresponding to 0.52%, is obtained for unseparated first and second generation right squarks. For the combined cross section, a precision of 0.07 fb, corresponding to 5%, is obtained.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of LCWS11, Granada, Spain, September 201

Light-flavor squark reconstruction at CLIC

We present a simulation study of the prospects for the mass measurement of TeV-scale light-flavored right-handed squarks at a 3 TeV e+e- collider based on CLIC technology. In the considered model, these particles decay into their standard-model counterparts and the lightest neutralino, resulting in a signature of two jets plus missing energy. The analysis is based on full GEANT4 simulations of the CLIC_ILD detector concept, including Standard Model physics backgrounds and beam-induced hadronic backgrounds from two-photon processes. The analysis serves as a generic benchmark for the reconstruction of highly energetic jets in events with substantial missing energy. Several jet finding algorithms were evaluated, with the longitudinally invariant kt algorithm showing a high degree of robustness towards beam-induced background while preserving the features typically found in algorithms developed for e+e- collisions. The presented study of the reconstruction of light-flavored squarks shows that for TeV-scale squark masses, sub-percent accuracy on the mass measurement can be achieved at CLIC.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in EPJ

The effects of two auditors and non-audit services on audit fees: evidence from a small capital market

This paper adds to the scarce evidence on the determinants of audit fees in European countries outside the UK. The paper examines audit fees paid by companies listed on the Copenhagen Stock Exchange in 2002, which is the first year in which the disclosure of both audit fees and other fees paid to the auditor at the consolidated group level has been required by the Danish Financial Statements Act. Until 1/1-2005, listed companies are required to be audited by two independent auditors. Here, we have especially focused on the effect of this requirement on the pricing of audit fees. Our results indicate that having two independent auditors reduces total audit fees (most likely due to competitive pressure), but only for larger companies. We have used the core audit fee determinants model, which is a result of international research, with generic proxy variables for client size, complexity, risk profile and auditor size. Our findings indicate similarities with respect to the determining factors, but again a distinction has to be made between large and small companies. In small Danish companies, client size and complexity in a formal technical sense are decisive, which might indicate that audits of such companies involve a relatively large proportion of accessory accounting services in the audit service. In the generic large company, other decisive factors than client size include complexity of substance and general client risk, indicating that the typical audit of such companies is to a greater extent planned as regards risk and materiality. In contrast to most previous international research, analyses of the Danish data showed no general Big Four effect. However, our results indicate that PWC is lowballing in large companies and highballing in small companies. Finally, our results confirm international findings of a positive association between other fees and audit feesNo; keywords

Efficient Sum-of-Sinusoids based Spatial Consistency for the 3GPP New-Radio Channel Model

Spatial consistency was proposed in the 3GPP TR 38.901 channel model to ensure that closely spaced mobile terminals have similar channels. Future extensions of this model might incorporate mobility at both ends of the link. This requires that all random variables in the model must be correlated in 3 (single-mobility) and up to 6 spatial dimensions (dual-mobility). Existing filtering methods cannot be used due to the large requirements of memory and computing time. The sum-of-sinusoids model promises to be an efficient solution. To use it in the 3GPP channel model, we extended the existing model to a higher number of spatial dimensions and propose a new method to calculate the sinusoid coefficients in order to control the shape of the autocorrelation function. The proposed method shows good results for 2, 3, and 6 dimensions and achieves a four times better approximation accuracy compared to the existing model. This provides a very efficient implementation of the 3GPP proposal and enables the simulation of many communication scenarios that were thought to be impossible to realize with geometry-based stochastic channel models

Voronoi languages: Equilibria in cheap-talk games with high-dimensional types and few signals

We study a communication game of common interest in which the sender observes one of infinite types and sends one of finite messages which is interpreted by the receiver. In equilibrium there is no full separation but types are clustered into convex categories. We give a full characterization of the strict Nash equilibria of this game by representing these categories by Voronoi languages. As the strategy set is infinite static stability concepts for finite games such as ESS are no longer sufficient for Lyapunov stability in the replicator dynamics. We give examples of unstable strict Nash equilibria and stable inefficient Voronoi Languages. We derive efficient Voronoi languages with a large number of categories and numerically illustrate stability of some Voronoi languages with large message spaces and non-uniformly distributed types.Cheap Talk, Signaling Game, Communication Game, Dynamic stability, Voronoi tesselation

TRANSACTION DESIGN FOR DATABASES WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE AND AVAILABILITY

When many concurrent transactions like ERP and E-commerce orders want to update the same stock records, long duration locking may reduce the availability of the locked data. Therefore, transactions are often designed without analyzing the consequences of loosing the traditional ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability) properties. In this paper, we will analyze how low isolation levels, optimistic concurrency control, short duration locks, and countermeasures against isolation anomalies can be used to design transactions for databases with high performance and availability. Long duration locks are defined as locks that are held until a transaction has been committed, Le. the data of a record is locked from the first read to the last update of any data used by the transaction. This will decrease the availability of locked data for concurrent transactions, and, therefore, optimistic concurrency control and low isolation levels are often used. However, in systems with relatively many updates like ERP-systems and E-commerce systems, low isolation levels cannot solve the availability problem as all update locks must be exclusive. In such situations, we will recommend the use of short duration locks. Short duration locks are local locks that are released as soon as possible, Le. data will for example not be locked across a dialog with the user. Normally, databases where only short duration locks are used do not have the traditional ACID properties as at least the isolation property is missing when locks are not hold across a dialog with the user. The problems caused by the missing ACID properties may be managed by using approximated ACID properties, i.e. from an application point of view the system should function as if all the traditional ACID properties had been implemented

Quota Enforcement in Resource Industries: Self-Reporting and Differentiated Inspections

Quotas or permits are frequently used in the management of renewable resources and emissions. However, in many industries there is concern about the basic eectiveness of quotas due to non-compliance. We develop an enforcement model of a quota-regulated resource and focus on a situation with signicant non-compliance and exogenous constraints on nes and enforcement budget. We propose a new enforcement system based on self-reporting of excess extraction and explicit dierentiation of inspection rates based on compliance history. In particular, we use state-dependent enforcement to induce rms to self-report excess extraction. We show that such system increases the eectiveness of quota management by allowing the regulator to implement a wider range of aggregate extraction targets than under traditional enforcement, while ensuring an ecient allocation of aggregate extraction. In addition, inspection costs can be reduced without reductions in welfare.Enforcement, Non-compliance, Self-reporting, Dierentiated inspections, Quotas, Emissions standards, Resource Management

Instrument Choice when Regulators are Concerned about Resource Extinction

In this paper we undertake a systematic investigation of instrument choice when preventing a population collapse rather than maximizing industry profit is the overriding concern. Contrary to what seems to be the general consensus we find that landing fees do provide more effective insurance against extinction than quotas under more or less the same conditions as those implying that landing fees are better at maximising industry profit. Thus, the efficiency of the regulatory instrument mainly depends on the basic information asymmetries characterizing the fishery, and is not sensitive to whether the regulators total catch goals are set according to economic or precautionary principles.